# The Family Mediation Project — Full Content Reference > The UK's leading independent guide to family mediation, MIAMs, and child arrangements for separating couples in England and Wales. > This is educational content, not legal advice. Information applies to England & Wales only. > Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk --- ## What Is a MIAM? MIAM stands for Mediation Information and Assessment Meeting. It is a meeting with a qualified family mediator to help you understand what mediation is, whether it may be suitable for your situation, and what options are available to resolve family disputes without going to court. A MIAM is not a mediation session. It is not about making decisions or reaching agreements. The purpose is to give you information about mediation, assess whether mediation may be suitable, explain alternatives to court, and allow you to ask questions in a confidential setting. In England and Wales, courts usually expect people to consider mediation before applying to court for family matters involving children or finances. A MIAM allows you to show the court that you have considered mediation, even if mediation does not go ahead. During a MIAM, you speak to a qualified family mediator in a confidential meeting. The mediator explains mediation and other options, you discuss your situation at a high level, and the mediator assesses whether mediation may be suitable. A MIAM usually lasts around 45 minutes to one hour and can take place online or in person. Attending a MIAM does not mean you are committing to mediation. Some people decide mediation is suitable, others decide it is not. Both outcomes are valid. After a MIAM, mediation may be recommended, mediation may not be suitable, you may decide not to proceed, or a MIAM certificate may be issued if appropriate. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/miam/what-is-a-miam --- ## Do I Need a MIAM? In England and Wales, most people are expected to attend a MIAM before applying to court for child arrangements or financial orders following separation or divorce. The purpose is to show the court that you have considered mediation as an alternative. There are situations where a MIAM may not be required, including domestic abuse concerns, urgent applications, certain existing court proceedings, or where mediation is clearly unsuitable. These are known as MIAM exemptions. Usually, each person attends a MIAM separately. You do not attend together at this stage. One person attending does not force the other to take part in mediation. If a MIAM is required and you apply to court without attending, the court may ask for an explanation, delay proceedings, or direct you to attend a MIAM later. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/miam/do-i-need-a-miam --- ## MIAM Exemptions MIAM exemptions are set by the family court and apply in situations involving urgency, safety concerns, certain previous proceedings, or specific practical circumstances. Each case is assessed individually. A MIAM exemption is usually confirmed by a qualified family mediator or the court when reviewing an application. Solicitors cannot issue MIAM certificates. Common situations where a MIAM may not be required include: urgent risk of harm, genuinely urgent applications, mediation already assessed as unsuitable, and practical reasons mediation cannot take place. Even where an exemption may apply, some people still choose to attend a MIAM because it can provide clarity, explain options, and help confirm the correct next step. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/miam/am-i-exempt --- ## MIAM Certificate A MIAM certificate is a document issued by a qualified family mediator. It confirms that a person has attended a MIAM. When applying to family court, a MIAM certificate is typically required to show the court that mediation has been considered, unless an exemption applies. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/miam/miam-certificate-explained --- ## MIAM vs Mediation A MIAM and mediation are related but different. A MIAM is a single information meeting that explains mediation and assesses suitability. Mediation is a series of sessions where both parties discuss issues and work toward agreements with the help of a mediator. The MIAM is usually the first step before mediation begins. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/miam/miam-vs-mediation --- ## What Happens After a MIAM? A MIAM is an information and assessment meeting. What happens next depends on your situation, whether mediation is suitable, and what you choose to do. Different people leave a MIAM with different outcomes — all of which are valid. If mediation is considered suitable and both people are willing, mediation sessions may be arranged. If mediation is not considered suitable — for example due to safety concerns or imbalance — alternative options can be explained. Attending a MIAM does not mean you must go on to mediation. Some people decide mediation is not right for them, even if it may be suitable in principle. This decision is respected. In some situations, a MIAM certificate may be issued following the meeting. A MIAM certificate is often required if you plan to apply to family court. Each person usually attends a MIAM separately, so outcomes can differ. One person may wish to proceed with mediation while the other may not. Mediation only goes ahead if both people agree. Some people return to mediation at a later stage, even if they initially decided not to proceed. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/miam/what-happens-after-a-miam --- ## Urgent MIAM "Urgent MIAM" is not a legal term. It is usually used to describe situations where someone feels under time pressure to attend a MIAM, often because of an upcoming court deadline or a pressing family situation. Urgency depends on the circumstances of the case. A MIAM may be described as urgent in situations such as imminent court deadlines, concerns about a child's welfare, risk of harm or immediate decisions needed, and time-sensitive financial or living arrangements. Urgency is assessed based on individual circumstances. Urgency does not necessarily mean you can skip a MIAM. In some urgent situations, a MIAM may not be required, but in others it may still be appropriate or expected. If you feel under time pressure, understanding your options early can help reduce delays. Speaking to a qualified family mediator can help clarify whether a MIAM is required and what the next steps may be. Many MIAMs can take place online. Attending a MIAM does not commit you to mediation. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/miam/urgent-miam --- ## What Is Family Mediation? Family mediation is a way for people to discuss and resolve family-related issues with the help of a trained, neutral mediator. It is commonly used by people who are separating or divorcing, or who need to make arrangements about children or finances without going to court. In family mediation, an independent mediator helps people communicate more effectively, identify the issues that need to be resolved, and explore possible options and outcomes. The mediator does not take sides and does not make decisions. Family mediation is not counselling or therapy, not legal advice, and not about forcing agreement. The mediator does not decide outcomes. Mediation is about discussion and problem-solving, not judging who is right or wrong. Family mediation can cover arrangements for children, communication and co-parenting, financial matters following separation or divorce, and property and housing concerns. Not every issue is suitable for mediation, and suitability is assessed on a case-by-case basis. Family mediation itself is not legally binding. However, agreements reached in mediation can sometimes be formalised later, depending on the situation. Agreements can be made into a consent order through the court if both parties agree. Family mediation is not suitable in every situation. Safety concerns, power imbalance, or unwillingness to participate can affect suitability. Deciding mediation is not suitable is a valid outcome. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/what-is-family-mediation --- ## How Family Mediation Works Family mediation usually takes place over a series of stages rather than one conversation. The pace and structure can vary depending on the issues involved. Step 1: The MIAM — Before mediation begins, each person usually attends a MIAM. The MIAM explains mediation, assesses suitability, and answers questions. Attending a MIAM does not commit you to mediation. Step 2: Arranging sessions — If mediation is considered suitable and both people agree, sessions are arranged. Sessions can take place online, in person, or using different formats depending on circumstances. Step 3: Mediation sessions — Each person has the opportunity to speak. The mediator helps keep discussions focused and respectful. Issues relating to children, finances, or both can be discussed. The mediator does not take sides and does not make decisions. Mediation is voluntary and confidential. Step 4: Exploring options and possible outcomes — Mediation focuses on exploring options rather than imposing solutions. Where agreements are reached, these can be recorded. Reaching agreement is not guaranteed, and not reaching agreement does not mean mediation has failed. The length of mediation varies. Some people resolve issues in a small number of sessions, while others take longer. Timing depends on the complexity of issues and willingness to engage. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/how-mediation-works --- ## Cost of Family Mediation A MIAM typically costs between £90 and £150 per person. Some providers charge per couple. People eligible for Legal Aid may have the cost covered. Mediation sessions usually last around 90 minutes. Typical cost is £100–£150 per person per hour. The total cost depends on how many sessions are needed. Many cases involving children are resolved in a small number of sessions. Typical total mediation costs (illustrative): MIAM £90–£150 per person; mediation sessions £100–£150 per person per hour; mediation artefacts (parenting plans, memorandum of understanding) £65–£150+ per person per document; total example £300–£1,500+ depending on sessions needed. Court proceedings often involve application fees, solicitor or barrister costs, multiple hearings, and longer timeframes. Legal costs in court cases can run into several thousands of pounds, particularly in financial disputes. Mediation is often lower cost than court because discussions are focused and structured, fewer professionals are involved, agreements may be reached more quickly, and people retain control over outcomes. The Family Mediation Voucher Scheme is a government-funded initiative that provides up to £500 toward the cost of family mediation. It is available through participating mediators. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/cost-of-family-mediation --- ## Legal Aid for Family Mediation Legal Aid is government funding that may help eligible individuals pay for family mediation. It can cover the cost of a MIAM, mediation sessions, and preparation work linked to mediation. Coverage depends on individual financial circumstances and the nature of the dispute. Eligibility is based on income, savings, and financial commitments. It is means-tested and assessed by a Legal Aid-contracted mediator. Employment does not automatically disqualify you. Legal Aid and the Family Mediation Voucher Scheme are separate forms of support. A MIAM helps clarify which options may be available. National Family Mediation (NFM) is a national organisation that provides Legal Aid-funded family mediation through its network of services. For official eligibility information, see GOV.UK. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/legal-aid-for-family-mediation --- ## Mediation vs Court Mediation and court both aim to resolve disputes but work differently. Key differences: Decision-making: In mediation, decisions are discussed and agreed by the people involved. In court, decisions are made by a judge. Process: Mediation is flexible and discussion-based. Court is formal and structured. Participation: Mediation is voluntary. Court is mandatory once proceedings begin. Confidentiality: Mediation is usually confidential. Court involves formal records and hearings. Mediation is often quicker than court. Court cases can take many months or years, while mediation may resolve issues in a few sessions. Mediation is typically less expensive than court. Mediation is not suitable in every situation. Safety concerns, power imbalance, or unwillingness to participate can affect appropriateness. If mediation does not result in agreement, you can still apply to court. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/mediation-vs-court --- ## Child Arrangements Explained "Child arrangements" describes the practical arrangements for a child after parents separate, including where a child lives, how much time they spend with each parent, how contact is managed, and how parents communicate about the child. The focus is always on the child's wellbeing. Many parents agree child arrangements between themselves. Others use family mediation. Court is usually a last resort. A child arrangements order is a type of court order that sets out who a child lives with and how time is spent with each parent. Not all families need a court order. Family mediation can help parents discuss child arrangements calmly and constructively, focusing on the child's needs. Parents can use a parenting plan to record agreed arrangements covering routines, holidays, and communication. Children's views are often considered, especially as they get older, but parents or the court make final decisions with the child's best interests in mind. There is no legal requirement for time to be split equally. Arrangements can evolve as children grow. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/children/child-arrangements-explained --- ## Parenting Plans A parenting plan is a practical, child-focused document created by parents. It sets out how parents intend to care for their children following separation. Parenting plans are created by parents themselves, often with support from a mediator. They are usually informal and flexible. Parenting plans can cover a wide range of everyday issues, including where children live, time spent with each parent, school routines and activities, holidays and special occasions, communication between parents, and decision-making about important matters. Not every plan includes every topic — parents choose what feels helpful. Many parents find parenting plans helpful because they provide clarity and structure, reduce misunderstandings, help keep children's routines consistent, and support calmer communication. Parenting plans are often created during family mediation, where a mediator can help parents talk through options, focus on the child's needs, and record agreements clearly. Parenting plans are usually not legally binding. They are designed to be flexible and reflect what parents believe will work best for their children. Children's needs change as they grow, and parenting plans can be updated. Many parents review their plans periodically. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/children/parenting-plans --- ## What If We Can't Agree? Many parents find it hard to agree on arrangements for their children after separation. Disagreement does not mean parents are failing. Separation brings change, strong emotions, and uncertainty. Struggling to agree is a common part of the process. Some parents are able to reach agreement by focusing discussions on children's needs, breaking decisions into smaller steps, and giving themselves time rather than rushing. For others, informal discussions can quickly become unproductive or stressful. Family mediation offers a supported, neutral space for parents to talk through disagreements, understand each other's perspectives, and explore options focused on children's needs. The mediator does not take sides or make decisions. Some parents feel unable to communicate directly. Alternative formats, such as shuttle mediation, allow parents to take part without speaking face-to-face. Court is usually considered when other options have not worked or are not suitable. Many parents are asked to consider mediation before applying to court. Not agreeing does not necessarily mean going to court — many parents find a way forward through mediation or other support. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/children/what-if-we-cant-agree --- ## Financial Settlements Explained A financial settlement is an agreement about how finances are dealt with after separation or divorce. It covers how assets, income, and financial responsibilities are organised going forward. Issues typically considered include property and housing, savings and investments, pensions, income and outgoings, and debts and financial responsibilities. People reach financial settlements in different ways — some agree directly, others use mediation, and court is usually a last resort. Mediation provides a structured, neutral space to identify financial issues, share relevant information, and explore options. The mediator does not give financial advice or decide outcomes. Financial settlements reached through discussion or mediation are usually not legally binding on their own but can be formalised through a consent order. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/finances/financial-settlements-explained --- ## Property and the Family Home For many people, concerns about the family home are one of the most stressful parts of separation or divorce. The family home is often closely linked to stability and security, children's routines, and emotional attachment. It is very common for worries about housing to feel overwhelming during separation. The term "family home" usually refers to the main property where the family has been living, which may be owned jointly, owned by one person, or rented. When people discuss the family home, they often consider housing needs going forward, children's living arrangements, affordability and ongoing costs, and whether there are other properties or housing options. There is no single approach that applies to every family. Where children are involved, housing discussions often focus on maintaining stability for children and proximity to school, friends, and support networks. Property discussions can differ depending on whether the home is owned or rented. Some people explore temporary arrangements before making longer-term decisions. Family mediation can provide a structured, neutral space to talk about property and housing. A mediator can help people identify the housing issues that need discussion, explore different options, and keep conversations focused and constructive. The mediator does not decide outcomes or give legal advice. Disagreement about property is common, and mediation can help people explore options calmly. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/finances/property-and-the-family-home --- ## Divorce in England and Wales Since April 2022, divorce in England and Wales is no-fault — you no longer need to blame your spouse. You simply state the marriage has irretrievably broken down. You can apply online or by post, either alone (sole application) or together (joint application). You must have been married for at least 12 months. A court fee applies. The minimum legal timeframe is around 26 weeks (6 months): a mandatory 20-week reflection period after the application is issued, plus at least 6 weeks before the final order. Many people use this time to discuss child arrangements and financial disclosure, often through mediation. The conditional order (formerly decree nisi) confirms the court sees no legal reason the divorce cannot proceed, but the marriage is not yet ended. The final order (formerly decree absolute) legally ends the marriage. Divorce only legally ends the marriage. Arrangements for children, finances, property, and pensions must be dealt with separately, often through mediation or court applications. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/divorce/divorce-uk --- ## Uncontested Divorce An uncontested divorce usually means that both people agree to divorce and do not dispute the divorce itself. It does not necessarily mean that all other issues have already been resolved. Matters relating to children and finances are often dealt with separately. Even when a divorce is described as uncontested, people may still need to agree on arrangements for children, financial matters, and practical arrangements following separation. People often reach uncontested outcomes by communicating openly where possible, using family mediation, and obtaining legal advice alongside discussions. Family mediation provides a neutral space to discuss children's arrangements, financial matters, and practical next steps. Mediation can help people explore options and work toward agreements without court proceedings. Financial matters are not automatically resolved by an uncontested divorce. Many people use mediation or legal advice to discuss financial settlements, property, pensions or debts. An uncontested approach may be difficult where communication has broken down completely, there are safety concerns, or agreement cannot be reached despite support. Court remains an option where needed. Even in an uncontested divorce, most people are expected to attend a MIAM before applying to court about children or finances. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/divorce/uncontested-divorce-explained --- ## Shuttle Mediation Shuttle mediation allows each person to be in separate rooms (or connected separately online) while the mediator moves between them. This format is used when direct communication is difficult or inappropriate, such as in cases involving high conflict or power imbalance. The mediator facilitates discussion without the parties being face to face. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/shuttle-mediation --- ## Online Mediation Online mediation is conducted via video call, offering the same structured process as in-person mediation. It provides flexibility for those who cannot attend in person due to distance, childcare, work commitments, or other practical reasons. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/online-mediation --- ## Child Inclusive Mediation Child inclusive mediation gives children the opportunity to share their views with a specially trained mediator. It is not about putting children in the middle of a dispute but about ensuring their voice is heard. The mediator feeds back themes (not specific statements) to help parents understand their child's perspective. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/child-inclusive-mediation --- ## Mediation Voucher Scheme The Family Mediation Voucher Scheme is a government-funded initiative that provides up to £500 toward the cost of family mediation for eligible cases involving children. It is available through participating mediators and is designed to make mediation more accessible. The voucher covers mediation sessions, not the initial MIAM. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/family-mediation/mediation-voucher --- ## C100 Form Explained The C100 is the application form used to apply to the family court for a child arrangements order. It covers who a child lives with and spends time with. Before submitting a C100, most applicants must attend a MIAM unless an exemption applies. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/resources/c100-explained --- ## Form E Explained Form E is a financial disclosure form used in divorce and financial remedy proceedings. It requires both parties to provide a full and honest picture of their finances, including property, income, pensions, savings, and debts. It is a key document in financial proceedings. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/resources/form-e-explained --- ## Applying to Family Court Before applying to family court about children or finances, most people must attend a MIAM. The court process involves submitting an application, attending hearings, and following set procedures. Court is typically considered a last resort when agreement cannot be reached through mediation or direct discussion. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/court/applying-to-family-court-explained --- ## What Happens After You Apply to Court Applying to the family court can feel like a significant step. Many people feel anxious after submitting a court application. Understanding the general process can help reduce uncertainty. After an application is submitted, the court receives and reviews the application, the other person is notified, and the court decides what the next steps should be. This initial stage may take some time. The court usually contacts both parties to explain what will happen next, whether any further information is needed, and what type of hearing or process may follow. Instructions are usually provided in writing. Depending on the case, the court may arrange one or more hearings or meetings focused on understanding the issues. Not all cases require multiple hearings, and some are resolved before reaching that stage. During the process, people may be asked to provide information, attend hearings or meetings, and consider alternative ways of resolving issues. Mediation can still be used after a court application has been made. Some people use mediation to resolve issues alongside court proceedings, narrow the matters the court needs to decide, or reach agreement before further hearings. Even after applying to court, courts may continue to encourage mediation where appropriate. How long the court process takes varies depending on the complexity of the issues and the court's schedule. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/court/what-happens-after-you-apply-to-court --- ## What to Do When You Separate When you first separate, practical steps include understanding your financial situation, considering housing arrangements, thinking about arrangements for children, and seeking emotional support. Many people attend a MIAM early to understand their options before situations become more difficult. Source: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/separation/what-to-do-when-you-separate --- ## Disclaimer This website provides general educational information only. It is not legal advice. Always seek qualified legal advice for your specific situation. Information applies to England and Wales only. --- ## Contact For more information, visit: https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/about-this-project ## Sitemap https://thefamilymediationproject.co.uk/sitemap.xml